Kampala, 24 August 2024 – Uganda’s Ministry of Health on Thursday August 22nd launched its Climate Change Health National Adaptation Plan (H-NAP), a comprehensive strategy aimed at bolstering the nation's health system resilience against the impacts of climate change.
Adapting to climate change presents a substantial financial burden, with Africa projected to need up to $2.8 trillion by 2030 to fulfill its commitments under the Paris Agreement, according to the African Development Bank.
Uganda’s Health National Adaptation Plan (H-NAP), a critical step in this effort, requires an estimated $63 million by 2030.
Unveiled at Sheraton Hotel in Kampala by Third Deputy Prime Minister Hon. Rukia Isanga Nakadama, the H-NAP marks a milestone in Uganda's response to the escalating climate crisis, particularly within the health sector. This ambitious plan underscores the urgent need to address climate-related health challenges and strengthen the country’s resilience.
Uganda has committed to addressing climate change as a signatory to key global agreements, including the UNFCCC, Paris Agreement, and Kyoto Protocol. In line with these frameworks, the Ugandan government has established supportive policies and laws, such as the National Climate Change Policy (2015), the Climate Change Act (2021), the Nationally Determined Contributions (2022), and Vision 2040.
Rt. Hon. Rukia Nakadama congratulated the Minister of Health and partners for developing the Climate Change Health National Adaptation Plan. She affirmed that the government would integrate climate resilience into the Parish Development Model, Uganda's strategy for improving household incomes and welfare. The PDM focuses on multi-sectoral community development and addresses key aspects of livelihood enhancement, including human, natural, social, financial, and physical resources.
"In the Parish Development Model there is a need to integrate Climate change interventions. In addition, the National Development Plan III and the newly developed National Development Plan IV highlights Climate change as a cross-cutting issue requiring mainstreaming for all sectors," said Rt. Hon. Nakadama.
Drawing on the latest climate science and projections, Uganda's health sector adaptation plan pinpoints critical areas where enhancing resilience is urgent, with the goal of strengthening the adaptive capacity of the health system to climate change and related hazards.
“It is moments like this that make me optimistic and excited about a healthier future. We have gathered at a transformational moment in unprecedented times. I am sure all of you have seen and felt the effects of our changing world. Unpredictable weather events have brought both droughts and extreme flooding as you have heard. Outbreaks of cholera, malaria, yellow fever, measles, and more have become increasingly common,” said William Asiko, The Rockefeller Foundation Vice President for Africa.
Asiko noted that climate change is now the greatest threat of health and wellbeing of billions of people worldwide and that to meet that threat head-on, human beings must “innovate,” “rethink,” and “adapt our health systems from the threats.”
Rebuilding systems is a huge task, especially when lives are at stake, said Asiko, before adding that overcoming these obstacles has been The Rockefeller Foundation’s mission for over a century. “The fight for global health, has always been at the health of our work,” he stated.
The 2022 report on climate change from the United Nations noted that at least 3.3 billion people’s daily lives are “highly vulnerable” to climate change, and people are 15 times more likely to die from extreme weather than in years past, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report said.
Uganda’s Ministry of Health data show that malaria remains the leading cause of illness among pregnant women and children under five. Uganda also faces critical challenges, with 81% of the population lacking access to safe water, and only 35% having basic sanitation. This results in approximately 19,700 child deaths annually due to diarrheal diseases—equivalent to 54 children that die every day from poor sanitation.
Malnutrition further contributes to infant and child deaths, with 12% of infants born underweight. Adding to this burden are pollution-related deaths; in 2021 alone, over 1,000 people in Kampala died due to poor air quality, this is according to a scientific publication by researchers at the Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH).
The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that more than 13 million deaths worldwide, each year are due to preventable environmental causes. Just to mention that air pollution from fossil fuels alone, kills 13 people every minute from lung cancer, heart disease or stroke.
These alarming statistics underscore the urgent need for Uganda's Health National Adaptation Plan (H-NAP) to address these interconnected challenges and build a more resilient health system.
Dr Christine Musanhu, the Acting WHO Representative in Uganda contends that; “We urgently need to take concrete and timely measures, to protect the health of our populations and build a resilient future.”
According to Dr. Musanhu, climate change is not just an environmental issue; but a profound threat to the health, well-being, and development of mankind.
“Our actions today, will have a long-term effect on protecting future generations from the health consequences of climate change. In collaboration with the Ugandan government, I therefore call upon all partners, to mobilize efforts to join our quest to protect the environment,” she said.
Following numerous disasters globally, WHO has been at the forefront of efforts, to build climate change-resilient health systems. Some of the key, WHO-supported global developments in this area include the: WHO Climate Resilient Health Systems Framework, a comprehensive framework, to guide countries in making their health systems resilient, to the impacts of climate change.
The Uganda’s H-NAP covers ten components based on the WHO framework aimed at building a climate resilient low-carbon health system which is capable of anticipating, responding to, coping with, recovering from. and adapting to climate-related shocks and stress, while minimising the greenhouse gas emissions and other negative environmental impacts to deliver quality care and protect the health and well-being of present and future generations of Uganda.
Professor Barnabas Nawangwe, the Vice Chancellor Makerere University called for determination and solidary in implementing the H-NAP to safeguard the population and generations to come against the uncertainties of climate change.
“The success of the National Adaptation Plan depends on the strength of our collaborations. It requires the concerted efforts of government ministries, health agencies, civil society organisations, the private sector, and the academic community. I wish to reiterate Makerere University’s commitment to being a key partner in this endeavor,” said Professor Nawangwe.
Hon. Dr. Jane Ruth Aceng, Minister of Health of the Republic of Uganda said; “moving forward, any infrastructure projects in the health sector will be made to withstand the impact of climate change. In addition, Uganda will move forward to address the issue of greenhouse gas emissions by introducing solar lighting and solar refrigeration where applicable.”
On his part, Mr. Alfred Okot Okidi, the Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Water and Environment, says as a ministry mandated to coordinate climate change related issues in Uganda, they assess sector budgets to ensure they are climate smart. He noted communities must be protected from the dangers of climate change. He also called on citizens to play their roles in ensuring they mitigate climate change risks.
“We have been encouraging our population to take care of their individual responsibilities. This is not just a government responsibility but a responsibility for everyone. Climate change affects us irrespective of where we come from, our department etc. I want to applaud the Ministry of Health for coming up with this H-NAP because health is one of those components that had not been taken seriously at the global level in respect to climate change,” said Mr. Okidi.
United Nations Convention on Climate Change (UNCCC)
On her part, Dr. Rhoda Wanyenze, a Professor and Dean, MakSPH said the School and Makerere University as whole will be working around research, teaching and partnering with various institutions to provide required evidence especially around supporting Uganda to be able to comfortably predict climatic issues, to ensure quality decisions.
Uganda’s National Climate Change Action Plan (2030) show that all sectors of the economy are vulnerable to climate change effects.
Mrs. Margaret Mwebesa Othieno, the Commissioner of Climate Change at the Ministry of Water and Environment said she was happy to have the Ministry of Health coming on board.
“We are very happy to see that sectors are coming on board. I would also like to say that Uganda is the second country to have the Health -National Adaptation Plan after Nepal. So, to us, this huge and I would like to congratulate the Ministry of Health and all other partners that have supported these efforts. Climate change is everybody’s business. We shouldn’t leave it only to a few sectors,” said Mrs. Othieno Mwebesa.
On behalf of the Government of Uganda, Rt. Hon. Nakadama urged all the Development Partners and stakeholders to continue supporting the implementation of the Climate Health National Adaptation Plan both at national and sub-national levels. She committed that her office would spearhead the mobilisation of the population towards climate resilient systems.
"The Office of The Prime Minister will coordinate the multisectoral engagements for Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) and also create awareness of the Climate Change Health Adaptation Plan," said Rt. Hon. Nakadama.
By Davidson Ndyabahika
